Visual Scene Ontology (VSO) v1.2
type: Ontology
label: Visual Scene Ontology (VSO)
comment: TBox for VSON v1.2: the entity taxonomy, the frame layer, the reification node classes, and the closed value vocabularies the SHACL shapes validate against.
description: OWL 2 RL-checkable TBox; eight bridge properties are intentionally untyped rdf:Property to admit mixed literal/IRI/quoted-triple objects, placing the full graph outside OWL 2 DL. DOLCE-inspired. Companion to VSV vocabulary and VSON-S shapes.
creator: yamancan
license: LICENSE-2.0
modified: 2026-07-31
created: 2026-05-02
issued: 2026-07-31
publisher: yamancan
bibliographic citation: yamancan (2026). Visual Scene Ontology Notation (VSON), release 1.3.0. https://github.com/yamancan/visual-scene-ontology (CITATION.cff)
version info: 1.2
version IRI: ontology
prior version: ontology
imports: VSON RCC-8 value vocabulary
imports: VSON Allen interval relations
preferred namespace prefix: vson
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/vson/v1/ontology#

Entity
type: Class
comment: Top of the VSO entity taxonomy.
subclass of: QualityBearer
term status: stable

Endurant
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Persists through time (DOLCE).
term status: stable

Perdurant
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: Occurs in time (DOLCE).
term status: stable

Quality
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: A property bearer (color, mood, weight).
term status: stable

Region
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
comment: A space or interval (positions, times, zones).
term status: stable

PhysicalObject
type: Class
subclass of: Endurant
comment: A bounded, countable material thing: person, animal, artifact, plant.
term status: stable

Aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: Endurant
comment: Crowd, swarm, forest.
term status: stable

Substance
type: Class
subclass of: Endurant
comment: Mass nouns: water, smoke, blood.
term status: stable

Event
type: Class
subclass of: Perdurant
comment: Punctual / completable occurrence.
term status: stable

Process
type: Class
subclass of: Perdurant
comment: Durative occurrence.
term status: stable

Stative
type: Class
subclass of: Perdurant
comment: Gaze, hold, wear, believe — static condition.
term status: stable

Frame
type: Class
comment: Perspectival or organizational layer; not part of the depicted world.
disjoint with: Entity
term status: stable

SceneContext
type: Class
subclass of: Frame
comment: Setting of the scene: venue, atmosphere, time of day, weather.
term status: stable

VisualStyle
type: Class
subclass of: Frame
comment: How the scene is rendered: aesthetic, palette, medium.
term status: stable

CameraView
type: Class
subclass of: Frame
comment: The vantage point the scene is seen from; the viewer a directional SpatialFact is relative to.
term status: stable

Composition
type: Class
subclass of: Frame
comment: Mereological root for a scene.
subclass of: QualityBearer
term status: stable

Persona
type: Class
subclass of: Frame
comment: Cross-document identity carrier. Links scene Entities (via vso:embodies) to stable identity invariants (via vso:hasInvariant). Persona IRIs MAY be shared across multiple VSON documents.
term status: stable

SpatialFact
type: Class
comment: Reified spatial relation between figure and ground; topological (RCC-8) and/or directional (with mandatory viewer) and/or proximal.
term status: stable

Negation
type: Class
comment: Reified negation of an RDF-star quoted triple.
term status: stable

Quantification
type: Class
comment: Reified quantified statement: a quantifier lexeme, a bound variable, an optional domain restriction, and a scope.
term status: stable

BeliefState
type: Class
comment: Reified propositional attitude.
term status: stable

IndividuationKind
type: Class
comment: Closed axis of individuation: Generic | Named | Kind | Skolem.
term status: stable

Generic
type: IndividuationKind
comment: An unnamed instance of a class — 'a knight', not a particular knight tracked across scenes.
term status: stable

Named
type: IndividuationKind
comment: A specific individual bearing a proper name (Alice, Excalibur).
term status: stable

Kind
type: IndividuationKind
comment: The class itself rather than any instance of it — reference to horses as a kind.
term status: stable

Skolem
type: IndividuationKind
comment: A particular but unnamed individual, tracked within the document by a minted handle.
term status: stable

AnimacyKind
type: Class
comment: Closed axis of animacy: Agentive | Inert.
term status: stable

Agentive
type: AnimacyKind
comment: An agent — human, animal, or animated mechanism — capable of initiating action.
term status: stable

Inert
type: AnimacyKind
comment: Inanimate matter: furniture, vegetation, weapons at rest.
term status: stable

CountabilityKind
type: Class
comment: Closed axis of countability: Count | Mass | Collective.
term status: stable

Count
type: CountabilityKind
comment: An individuable thing that can be counted one by one.
term status: stable

Mass
type: CountabilityKind
comment: An uncountable substance measured rather than counted; the countability of vso:Substance.
term status: stable

Collective
type: CountabilityKind
comment: A plurality carried on one node rather than enumerated; the countability of vso:Aggregate.
term status: stable

Affordance
type: Class
comment: Affordance an Endurant offers (Holdable, Wearable, Mountable, Container, Edible).
term status: stable

Holdable
type: Affordance
comment: Can be grasped and carried in the hand.
term status: stable

Wearable
type: Affordance
comment: Can be worn on the body.
term status: stable

Mountable
type: Affordance
comment: Can be climbed onto, sat on, or ridden.
term status: stable

Container
type: Affordance
comment: Can hold other things inside it.
term status: stable

Edible
type: Affordance
comment: Can be eaten or drunk.
term status: stable

individuation
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Entity
range: IndividuationKind
comment: How the Entity is individuated; exactly one vso:IndividuationKind per Entity.
term status: stable

animacy
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Entity
range: AnimacyKind
comment: Whether the Entity is agentive or inert; exactly one vso:AnimacyKind per Entity.
term status: stable

countability
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Entity
range: CountabilityKind
comment: Whether the Entity is counted, measured, or collective; exactly one vso:CountabilityKind per Entity.
term status: stable

affordance
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
range: Affordance
comment: An affordance the Endurant offers; unlike the other trait axes this one is non-functional (zero or more per Endurant).
term status: stable

framedBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
range: Frame
comment: Attaches a Frame node (context, style, camera, persona) to the Composition it frames.
term status: stable

depicts
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
range: Entity
comment: An Entity shown in the Composition; a Composition must depict at least one.
term status: stable

viewedBy
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
range: CameraView
comment: The CameraView the Composition is seen from.
term status: stable

rendersAs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
range: VisualStyle
comment: The VisualStyle the Composition is rendered in.
term status: stable

hasFact
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
comment: Attaches a reification node (SpatialFact, Negation, BeliefState, Quantification, Annotation) to a Composition. Use vso:depicts only for vso:Entity targets.
term status: stable

occurs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Composition
range: Perdurant
comment: Events / Processes / Statives observed within this composition; producers MAY also use vso:depicts for perdurants, and both forms are conformant.
term status: stable

QualityBearer
type: Class
comment: Anything that may bear a vso:Quality: an Entity (contingent qualities) or a Composition (compositional qualities such as Layout/Focal).
term status: stable

hasQuality
type: ObjectProperty
domain: QualityBearer
range: Quality
comment: Attaches a contingent, per-scene Quality to an Entity or a Composition.
term status: stable

dimension
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Quality
comment: Which axis a Quality measures (Color, Affect, Role, ...); exactly one per Quality.
term status: stable

value
type: Property
domain: Quality
comment: The reading of a Quality on its dimension; deliberately untyped so a string, a number, or an IRI are all admissible (see the Profile status note at the top of this file).
term status: stable

modifier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Quality
range: string
comment: Optional adverbial modifier on a Quality (e.g., 'dark' on Color, 'very' on Weight). Snake_case bareword. Cardinality 0..1; SHACL-enforced via vss:QualityModifierShape (relaxed; absence is normal).
term status: stable

class
type: Property
domain: Entity
comment: Domain-class designation from the open class registry (Knight, Crown, Sword, Woman, Apple, ...). Open vocabulary. Values typically IRIs in the document namespace when emitted from bareword input; xsd:string literals also conformant. Range intentionally unconstrained.
term status: stable

embodies
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity
range: Persona
comment: Entity embodies (instantiates) a Persona in this scene. The Persona's vso:hasInvariant Qualities are stable identity facts shared across embodiments.
term status: stable

hasInvariant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Persona
range: Quality
comment: Invariant Quality of the Persona — stable across embodiments (hair color, build, etc.). Contrast with vso:hasQuality which is contingent per scene.
term status: stable

Dimension
type: Class
comment: Registry of Quality dimensions. CLOSED under the VSO namespace: the admissible values of vso:dimension in this namespace are exactly the vso:Dimension individuals declared in this file, and any other w3id.org/vson IRI in that slot is an orphan VSO term — non-conformant under clause C2 (docs/vson.md §2). A producer needing a further dimension MUST mint it under its own document namespace, never under vso:.
term status: stable

Color
type: Dimension
comment: Perceived colour of the bearer.
term status: stable

Weight
type: Dimension
comment: Heaviness of the bearer, as read off the scene rather than measured.
term status: stable

Material
type: Dimension
comment: What the bearer is made of (stone, silk, iron).
term status: stable

Affect
type: Dimension
comment: Mood or emotional state attributed to the bearer.
term status: stable

Age
type: Dimension
comment: Age of the bearer, as a number of years or an age band.
term status: stable

Role
type: Dimension
comment: Social or narrative role the bearer occupies in the scene (queen, knight).
term status: stable

Size
type: Dimension
comment: Relative size of the bearer.
term status: stable

Enchantment
type: Dimension
comment: Magical or supernatural property attributed to the bearer.
term status: stable

ActionState
type: Dimension
comment: Transient action phase of an Entity (drawn, raised, running).
term status: stable

Layout
type: Dimension
comment: Compositional dimension: how the scene is arranged; borne by a Composition.
term status: stable

Focal
type: Dimension
comment: Compositional dimension: what the scene draws attention to; borne by a Composition.
term status: stable

Amount
type: Dimension
comment: How much of the bearer there is, for Substances and Aggregates read as quantity rather than count.
term status: stable

Hair
type: Dimension
comment: Hair of the bearer, as colour or length (auburn, black_short); a common Persona invariant.
term status: stable

Hairstyle
type: Dimension
comment: Cut or styling of the bearer's hair (bob, braided, ponytail), as distinct from its colour or length.
term status: stable

Skin
type: Dimension
comment: Skin tone or complexion of the bearer; a common Persona invariant.
term status: stable

Eye
type: Dimension
comment: Eye colour of the bearer; a common Persona invariant.
term status: stable

Eyewear
type: Dimension
comment: Eyewear the bearer is wearing (sunglasses, round_frames).
term status: stable

Headwear
type: Dimension
comment: Headwear the bearer is wearing (beanie, wide_brim_hat).
term status: stable

Outfit
type: Dimension
comment: The garment or ensemble the bearer is wearing, read as a whole (trench_coat, three_piece_suit).
term status: stable

Fit
type: Dimension
comment: How the bearer's garment sits on the body (oversized, tailored, cropped).
term status: stable

Pose
type: Dimension
comment: Bodily posture of the bearer.
term status: stable

agent
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Volitional doer of an Event or Process.
term status: stable

patient
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Entity affected or changed by an Event.
term status: stable

theme
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Entity standing in the relation or state without being changed by it.
term status: stable

instrument
type: ObjectProperty
range: PhysicalObject
comment: Means or tool the Event is carried out with.
term status: stable

recipient
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Goal-receiver in a transfer Event.
term status: stable

source
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Origin the transfer or motion starts from.
term status: stable

goal
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Target or destination the Event or Process is directed at.
term status: stable

beneficiary
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Entity for whose benefit the Event is performed.
term status: stable

experiencer
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Sentient Endurant holding a cognitive or perceptual Stative.
term status: stable

stimulus
type: ObjectProperty
comment: What the experiencer of a Stative is oriented toward.
term status: stable

location
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Where the perdurant takes place.
term status: stable

time
type: Property
comment: When the perdurant takes place; untyped so an interval IRI or a literal time expression are both admissible.
term status: stable

manner
type: Property
comment: Adverbial manner of the perdurant, a snake_case bareword (swift, careful, forceful).
term status: stable

cause
type: ObjectProperty
range: Perdurant
comment: Perdurant that brought this one about, recorded as a role on the caused perdurant.
term status: stable

result
type: ObjectProperty
comment: State or entity the Event brings into being.
term status: stable

lemma
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Bare snake_case verb naming the perdurant (e.g. 'strike', 'look_at'); frame-index suffixes such as PropBank's '-01' are not used.
term status: stable

holder
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Possessor in a hold / wear / own Stative.
term status: stable

holds
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
range: PhysicalObject
comment: The subject has the object in hand or grip at the depicted moment.
term status: stable

wears
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
range: PhysicalObject
comment: The subject has the object on its body as clothing, armour, or ornament.
term status: stable

owns
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
range: Endurant
comment: The subject possesses the object independently of the depicted moment.
term status: stable

carries
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
range: PhysicalObject
comment: The subject bears the object along with it, not necessarily in hand.
term status: stable

partOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: The subject is a part of the object; transitive, inverse of vso:hasPart.
term status: stable

hasPart
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: partOf
comment: The object is a part of the subject; transitive, inverse of vso:partOf.
term status: stable

properPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
sub property of: partOf
comment: The subject is a part of the object and not identical to it; a sub-property of vso:partOf, and irreflexive.
term status: stable

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: The two entities share at least one part; symmetric.
term status: stable

disjoint
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
comment: The two entities share no part; symmetric.
term status: stable

Direction
type: Class
comment: Closed set of frame-relative directional values (values of vso:directional).
term status: stable

above
type: Direction
comment: The figure is higher than the ground in the viewer's frame.
term status: stable

below
type: Direction
comment: The figure is lower than the ground in the viewer's frame.
term status: stable

left_of
type: Direction
comment: The figure is to the viewer's left of the ground.
term status: stable

right_of
type: Direction
comment: The figure is to the viewer's right of the ground.
term status: stable

in_front_of
type: Direction
comment: The figure is nearer to the viewer than the ground is.
term status: stable

behind
type: Direction
comment: The figure is further from the viewer than the ground is.
term status: stable

ProximityKind
type: Class
comment: Closed set of proximity values (values of vso:proximal).
term status: stable

near
type: ProximityKind
comment: The figure is close to the ground relative to the scale of the scene.
term status: stable

far
type: ProximityKind
comment: The figure is distant from the ground relative to the scale of the scene.
term status: stable

adjacent
type: ProximityKind
comment: The figure is immediately beside the ground, with nothing between them.
term status: stable

next_to
type: ProximityKind
comment: The figure is beside the ground, without the no-gap reading vso:adjacent asserts.
term status: stable

facing
type: ProximityKind
comment: The figure is turned toward the ground.
term status: stable

figure
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: SpatialFact
comment: The entity being located by the SpatialFact; exactly one per fact.
term status: stable

ground
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: SpatialFact
comment: The entity the figure is located against; exactly one per fact.
term status: stable

rcc
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialFact
comment: Topological reading of the fact, valued by one of the eight rcc:Relation individuals.
term status: stable

directional
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialFact
comment: Frame-relative reading of the fact, valued by a vso:Direction; requires a vso:viewer.
term status: stable

proximal
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialFact
comment: Distance reading of the fact, valued by a vso:ProximityKind.
term status: stable

viewer
type: ObjectProperty
domain: SpatialFact
range: CameraView
comment: The CameraView a directional reading is relative to; mandatory whenever vso:directional is present.
term status: stable

causes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: The subject perdurant brings the object perdurant about.
term status: stable

enables
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: The subject perdurant makes the object perdurant possible without bringing it about.
term status: stable

prevents
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: The subject perdurant keeps the object perdurant from occurring.
term status: stable

triggers
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: The subject perdurant sets the object perdurant off immediately.
term status: stable

believes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
comment: Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it takes to be true.
term status: stable

intends
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
comment: Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it aims to bring about.
term status: stable

perceives
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Endurant
comment: Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it senses.
term status: stable

proposition
type: Property
domain: BeliefState
comment: The proposition that is believed/intended/perceived. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple in canonical Turtle 1.2 form, OR a vso:Annotation reified node (RDF 1.1 portable) — both forms are conformant per spec §18.
term status: stable

negatedStatement
type: Property
domain: Negation
comment: The negated proposition. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node (same dual-form policy as vso:proposition).
term status: stable

quantifier
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Quantification
range: string
comment: Quantifier lexeme. Closed list: 'all', 'every', 'some', 'no', 'most', 'few'. Stored as snake_case xsd:string.
term status: stable

variable
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Quantification
range: string
comment: Variable name bound by the quantifier (e.g. 'x', 'horse'). Plain xsd:string token; appears as the subject in scope/domain triples.
term status: stable

qDomain
type: Property
domain: Quantification
comment: Optional domain restriction. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node (same dual-form policy).
term status: stable

scope
type: Property
domain: Quantification
comment: The proposition predicated of the bound variable. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node.
term status: stable

bbox2d
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Bounding box in normalized image coordinates as 'x,y,w,h', every component in [0,1].
term status: stable

position3d
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: World position 'x,y,z'.
term status: stable

scale3d
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: World scale 'sx,sy,sz'.
term status: stable

rotation
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
comment: Quaternion 'qx,qy,qz,qw' or Euler 'rx,ry,rz'.
term status: stable

occludes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: PhysicalObject
range: PhysicalObject
comment: The subject stands in front of the object and hides part of it from the viewer.
term status: stable

visibleFraction
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
comment: Fraction of the entity still visible after occlusion, in [0,1].
term status: stable

angle
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: CameraView
comment: Vertical camera attitude: eye_level, low, high, dutch, top_down, worms_eye.
term status: stable

focalLength
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: CameraView
comment: Lens focal length as a 35mm-equivalent string ('24mm', '85mm') or a bare number of millimetres.
term status: stable

framing
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: CameraView
comment: Shot size: extreme_close_up, close_up, medium_shot, wide_shot, extreme_wide_shot.
term status: stable

lookAt
type: ObjectProperty
domain: CameraView
comment: Reserved; not used by any shipped syntax or example.
term status: stable

cameraPosition
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: CameraView
comment: Free-form positional cue for the camera ('front_left_dolly', 'overhead').
term status: stable

aesthetic
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: VisualStyle
comment: Overall visual idiom of the rendering (photographic, oil_painting, anime, noir, ...).
term status: stable

palette
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: VisualStyle
comment: Dominant colour treatment (warm, cool, monochrome, pastel, neon, ...).
term status: stable

medium
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: VisualStyle
comment: Physical or digital carrier of the image (photograph, canvas, paper, digital, fresco, ...).
term status: stable

venue
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: SceneContext
comment: Where the scene is set, as a snake_case noun (throne_room, marketplace, forest_path); open vocabulary.
term status: stable

atmosphere
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: SceneContext
comment: Emotional register of the setting (tense, calm, somber, festive, ominous, ...).
term status: stable

timeOfDay
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: SceneContext
comment: Time of day the scene is set at (dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, dusk, night).
term status: stable

weather
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: SceneContext
comment: Weather of the setting (clear, cloudy, rain, snow, fog, storm, indoor).
term status: stable

Annotation
type: Class
comment: Reified annotation of a triple. Equivalent to an RDF-star quoted triple.
term status: stable

annotatedSubject
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
comment: Subject of the triple this Annotation is about.
term status: stable

annotatedPredicate
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
comment: Predicate of the triple this Annotation is about.
term status: stable

annotatedObject
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Annotation
comment: Object of the triple this Annotation is about.
term status: stable

probability
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
comment: Probability in [0,1] that the annotated triple holds.
term status: stable

confidence
type: DatatypeProperty
range: decimal
comment: Producer's confidence in [0,1] in the annotated triple.
term status: stable

VSON RCC-8 value vocabulary
type: Ontology
label: RCC-8 spatial topology
comment: The 8 RCC-8 base relation names as a closed value vocabulary for vso:rcc; JEPD holds in the intended interpretation; composition-table reasoning is out of scope.
creator: yamancan
license: LICENSE-2.0
modified: 2026-07-31
created: 2026-05-02
issued: 2026-07-31
publisher: yamancan
bibliographic citation: yamancan (2026). Visual Scene Ontology Notation (VSON), release 1.3.0. https://github.com/yamancan/visual-scene-ontology (CITATION.cff)
version info: 1.2
preferred namespace prefix: rcc
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/vson/v1/rcc8#

Relation
type: Class
comment: Class of the eight RCC-8 base relation values; its instances are the admissible objects of vso:rcc on a vso:SpatialFact.
term status: stable

DC
type: Relation
comment: Disconnected: the two regions share no points at all.
term status: stable

EC
type: Relation
comment: Externally connected: the regions touch along their boundaries but their interiors do not overlap.
term status: stable

PO
type: Relation
comment: Partial overlap: the regions share interior points, yet neither is a part of the other.
term status: stable

EQ
type: Relation
comment: Equal: the two regions occupy exactly the same points.
term status: stable

TPP
type: Relation
comment: Tangential proper part: the figure is a proper part of the ground and the two boundaries touch.
term status: stable

NTPP
type: Relation
comment: Non-tangential proper part: the figure lies wholly inside the ground without their boundaries touching.
term status: stable

TPPi
type: Relation
comment: Inverse of TPP: the ground is a tangential proper part of the figure.
term status: stable

NTPPi
type: Relation
comment: Inverse of NTPP: the ground is a non-tangential proper part of the figure.
term status: stable

VSON Allen interval relations
type: Ontology
label: Allen interval algebra
comment: Allen's 13 base relations on time intervals, declared as object properties between vso:Perdurant nodes, with inverses and the transitive members of the algebra.
creator: yamancan
license: LICENSE-2.0
modified: 2026-07-31
created: 2026-05-02
issued: 2026-07-31
publisher: yamancan
bibliographic citation: yamancan (2026). Visual Scene Ontology Notation (VSON), release 1.3.0. https://github.com/yamancan/visual-scene-ontology (CITATION.cff)
version info: 1.2
preferred namespace prefix: allen
preferred namespace uri: https://w3id.org/vson/v1/allen#

before
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X ends before Y begins, with a gap between them.
term status: stable

after
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: before
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X begins after Y ends, with a gap between them (inverse of allen:before).
term status: stable

meets
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X ends exactly where Y begins, with no gap and no overlap.
term status: stable

metBy
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: meets
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X begins exactly where Y ends, with no gap and no overlap (inverse of allen:meets).
term status: stable

overlaps
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X begins before Y, the two share a stretch of time, and X ends before Y ends.
term status: stable

overlappedBy
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: overlaps
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: Y begins before X, the two share a stretch of time, and Y ends before X ends (inverse of allen:overlaps).
term status: stable

starts
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X and Y begin at the same instant and X ends before Y ends.
term status: stable

startedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: starts
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X and Y begin at the same instant and Y ends before X ends (inverse of allen:starts).
term status: stable

during
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X begins after Y begins and ends before Y ends, so X falls strictly inside Y.
term status: stable

contains
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: during
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: Y falls strictly inside X: X begins before Y begins and ends after Y ends (inverse of allen:during).
term status: stable

finishes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X and Y end at the same instant and X begins after Y begins.
term status: stable

finishedBy
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
inverse of: finishes
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X and Y end at the same instant and Y begins after X begins (inverse of allen:finishes).
term status: stable

equals
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Perdurant
range: Perdurant
comment: X and Y begin at the same instant and end at the same instant.
term status: stable