@prefix vso: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix dc: . @prefix vann: . a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "Visual Scene Ontology (VSO)" ; rdfs:comment "TBox for VSON v1.2: the entity taxonomy, the frame layer, the reification node classes, and the closed value vocabularies the SHACL shapes validate against." ; dc:title "Visual Scene Ontology (VSO) v1.2" ; dc:description "OWL 2 RL-checkable TBox; eight bridge properties are intentionally untyped rdf:Property to admit mixed literal/IRI/quoted-triple objects, placing the full graph outside OWL 2 DL. DOLCE-inspired. Companion to VSV vocabulary and VSON-S shapes." ; dc:creator "yamancan" ; dc:license ; dc:modified "2026-07-31"^^xsd:date ; owl:versionInfo "1.2" ; owl:versionIRI ; # LEGACY IRI — deliberately NOT migrated to w3id.org. The v1.1.1 release # declared exactly this versionIRI, under the project's earlier, # never-registered host (git tag v1.1.1 is the record). Rewriting it to # w3id.org would assert a name that release never carried. It does not # dereference and is not meant to. This is the one legacy-host IRI # allowlisted outside the historical specification documents. owl:priorVersion ; vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "vso" ; vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/vson/v1/ontology#" . ################################################################# # Profile status — read this before quoting a profile name # # Everything in this file is expressible in OWL 2 RL, and tools/owlrl_check.py # materializes the OWL 2 RL closure of (this ontology + a document) to catch # disjointness and distinctness clashes. That is the "RL-checkable" claim in # dc:description, and it is the only profile claim made. # # It is NOT a claim that a VSON document is an OWL 2 DL ontology. Eight # properties are declared as bare `a rdf:Property` — neither owl:ObjectProperty # nor owl:DatatypeProperty — because each one bridges object kinds that OWL 2 # keeps apart (a property may not be both object- and datatype-valued, and # quoted triples are outside OWL 2 altogether): # # vso:value literal OR IRI. The :alice Quality bundle in # examples/throne_room.ttl carries a string ("joyful"), # an integer (30) and an IRI (:queen) as values of three # Qualities on one entity; typing the property either way # would outlaw one of the three. # vso:class IRI when the Penman transpiler compiles a bareword; # xsd:string literals are equally conformant. # vso:time temporal grounding (the thematic-role table in # docs/vson.md): an interval or event IRI, or a literal # time expression. No shipped example uses it yet. # vso:manner bareword adverbial. The reference transpiler emits it # as xsd:string (role_value_as_string in # tools/penman/routing-tables.json); left untyped so an # IRI-valued manner from another producer is not a # declaration clash. # vso:proposition RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation node (§18). # vso:negatedStatement same dual form. # vso:qDomain same dual form. # vso:scope same dual form. # # Consequence: a graph that uses any of the eight is outside OWL 2 DL, so it # must not be described as DL- or EL-conformant. The RL gate still applies, # because OWL 2 RL is specified as a rule set over arbitrary RDF graphs rather # than over a typed DL ontology. ################################################################# ################################################################# # 1. Top-level taxonomy ################################################################# vso:Entity a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Entity" ; rdfs:comment "Top of the VSO entity taxonomy." . vso:Endurant a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "Endurant" ; rdfs:comment "Persists through time (DOLCE)." . vso:Perdurant a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "Perdurant" ; rdfs:comment "Occurs in time (DOLCE)." . vso:Quality a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "Quality" ; rdfs:comment "A property bearer (color, mood, weight)." . vso:Region a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "Region" ; rdfs:comment "A space or interval (positions, times, zones)." . # Endurants vso:PhysicalObject a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "PhysicalObject" ; rdfs:comment "A bounded, countable material thing: person, animal, artifact, plant." . vso:Aggregate a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "Aggregate" ; rdfs:comment "Crowd, swarm, forest." . vso:Substance a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "Substance" ; rdfs:comment "Mass nouns: water, smoke, blood." . # Perdurants vso:Event a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "Event" ; rdfs:comment "Punctual / completable occurrence." . vso:Process a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "Process" ; rdfs:comment "Durative occurrence." . vso:Stative a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "Stative" ; rdfs:comment "Gaze, hold, wear, believe — static condition." . # Endurants/Perdurants are disjoint (DOLCE) [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( vso:Endurant vso:Perdurant vso:Quality vso:Region ) . # The three Perdurant subtypes are pairwise disjoint: an occurrence is punctual # (Event), durative (Process), or static (Stative). The aspectual distinction is # exclusive, so a node typed into two of them is an error the owl-consistency # gate should report rather than silently accept. [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( vso:Event vso:Process vso:Stative ) . ################################################################# # 2. Frame layer (perspectival; NOT an Entity) ################################################################# vso:Frame a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Frame" ; rdfs:comment "Perspectival or organizational layer; not part of the depicted world." . vso:SceneContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "SceneContext" ; rdfs:comment "Setting of the scene: venue, atmosphere, time of day, weather." . vso:VisualStyle a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "VisualStyle" ; rdfs:comment "How the scene is rendered: aesthetic, palette, medium." . vso:CameraView a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "CameraView" ; rdfs:comment "The vantage point the scene is seen from; the viewer a directional SpatialFact is relative to." . vso:Composition a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "Composition" ; rdfs:comment "Mereological root for a scene." . vso:Persona a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "Persona" ; rdfs:comment "Cross-document identity carrier. Links scene Entities (via vso:embodies) to stable identity invariants (via vso:hasInvariant). Persona IRIs MAY be shared across multiple VSON documents." . # Frame is disjoint from Entity (the world ≠ the lens) vso:Frame owl:disjointWith vso:Entity . # The five Frame subtypes are pairwise disjoint: a node is a camera, or a style, # or a context, or the composition root, or a persona — never two at once. # Several of them are also reachable by an edge whose rdfs:range names the # subtype (vso:viewedBy → CameraView, vso:rendersAs → VisualStyle, vso:embodies # → Persona), so without this axiom a node reached by two such edges would # silently acquire both types instead of raising an OWL 2 RL clash. [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( vso:SceneContext vso:VisualStyle vso:CameraView vso:Composition vso:Persona ) . ################################################################# # 3. Reification node classes ################################################################# vso:SpatialFact a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "SpatialFact" ; rdfs:comment "Reified spatial relation between figure and ground; topological (RCC-8) and/or directional (with mandatory viewer) and/or proximal." . vso:Negation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Negation" ; rdfs:comment "Reified negation of an RDF-star quoted triple." . vso:Quantification a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Quantification" ; rdfs:comment "Reified quantified statement: a quantifier lexeme, a bound variable, an optional domain restriction, and a scope." . vso:BeliefState a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "BeliefState" ; rdfs:comment "Reified propositional attitude." . # The reification classes are pairwise disjoint, and jointly disjoint from the # Frame layer. (vso:Annotation is declared in §18; the axiom lives here because # it constrains this family.) Without this, the owl-consistency gate cannot see # a node reified as two incompatible kinds at once. # # vso:Entity is deliberately NOT a member. vso:depicts has rdfs:range vso:Entity # and the shipped corpus legitimately attaches reification nodes with it # (examples/throne_room.ttl depicts two SpatialFacts; gallery 13/14/15 depict a # Negation / BeliefState / Quantification). vss:DepictsEntityShape already # records that as a migrating convention at sh:Warning severity; promoting it to # an OWL disjointness would make those conformant documents inconsistent. [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( vso:SpatialFact vso:Negation vso:Quantification vso:BeliefState vso:Annotation vso:Frame ) . ################################################################# # 4. Trait individuals (orthogonal axes) ################################################################# vso:IndividuationKind a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "IndividuationKind" ; rdfs:comment "Closed axis of individuation: Generic | Named | Kind | Skolem." . vso:Generic a vso:IndividuationKind ; rdfs:label "Generic" ; rdfs:comment "An unnamed instance of a class — 'a knight', not a particular knight tracked across scenes." . vso:Named a vso:IndividuationKind ; rdfs:label "Named" ; rdfs:comment "A specific individual bearing a proper name (Alice, Excalibur)." . vso:Kind a vso:IndividuationKind ; rdfs:label "Kind" ; rdfs:comment "The class itself rather than any instance of it — reference to horses as a kind." . vso:Skolem a vso:IndividuationKind ; rdfs:label "Skolem" ; rdfs:comment "A particular but unnamed individual, tracked within the document by a minted handle." . vso:AnimacyKind a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "AnimacyKind" ; rdfs:comment "Closed axis of animacy: Agentive | Inert." . vso:Agentive a vso:AnimacyKind ; rdfs:label "Agentive" ; rdfs:comment "An agent — human, animal, or animated mechanism — capable of initiating action." . vso:Inert a vso:AnimacyKind ; rdfs:label "Inert" ; rdfs:comment "Inanimate matter: furniture, vegetation, weapons at rest." . vso:CountabilityKind a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "CountabilityKind" ; rdfs:comment "Closed axis of countability: Count | Mass | Collective." . vso:Count a vso:CountabilityKind ; rdfs:label "Count" ; rdfs:comment "An individuable thing that can be counted one by one." . vso:Mass a vso:CountabilityKind ; rdfs:label "Mass" ; rdfs:comment "An uncountable substance measured rather than counted; the countability of vso:Substance." . vso:Collective a vso:CountabilityKind ; rdfs:label "Collective" ; rdfs:comment "A plurality carried on one node rather than enumerated; the countability of vso:Aggregate." . vso:Affordance a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Affordance" ; rdfs:comment "Affordance an Endurant offers (Holdable, Wearable, Mountable, Container, Edible)." . vso:Holdable a vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "Holdable" ; rdfs:comment "Can be grasped and carried in the hand." . vso:Wearable a vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "Wearable" ; rdfs:comment "Can be worn on the body." . vso:Mountable a vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "Mountable" ; rdfs:comment "Can be climbed onto, sat on, or ridden." . vso:Container a vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "Container" ; rdfs:comment "Can hold other things inside it." . vso:Edible a vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "Edible" ; rdfs:comment "Can be eaten or drunk." . # Trait-kind individuals are pairwise distinct (mirrors the rcc8.ttl JEPD # discipline). Without this, asserting two kinds on one functional trait # property would silently infer owl:sameAs between the kinds instead of a # detectable inconsistency. [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:Generic vso:Named vso:Kind vso:Skolem ) . [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:Agentive vso:Inert ) . [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:Count vso:Mass vso:Collective ) . # vso:affordance is non-functional (0..n per Endurant), so the sibling axes' # prp-fp collapse does not apply here; the distinctness is asserted for parity # so that no downstream axiom or reasoner may quietly equate two affordances. [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:Holdable vso:Wearable vso:Mountable vso:Container vso:Edible ) . ################################################################# # 5. Trait properties ################################################################# vso:individuation a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Entity ; rdfs:range vso:IndividuationKind ; rdfs:label "individuation" ; rdfs:comment "How the Entity is individuated; exactly one vso:IndividuationKind per Entity." . vso:animacy a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Entity ; rdfs:range vso:AnimacyKind ; rdfs:label "animacy" ; rdfs:comment "Whether the Entity is agentive or inert; exactly one vso:AnimacyKind per Entity." . vso:countability a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Entity ; rdfs:range vso:CountabilityKind ; rdfs:label "countability" ; rdfs:comment "Whether the Entity is counted, measured, or collective; exactly one vso:CountabilityKind per Entity." . vso:affordance a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:range vso:Affordance ; rdfs:label "affordance" ; rdfs:comment "An affordance the Endurant offers; unlike the other trait axes this one is non-functional (zero or more per Endurant)." . ################################################################# # 6. Frame-attachment properties ################################################################# vso:framedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:range vso:Frame ; rdfs:label "framedBy" ; rdfs:comment "Attaches a Frame node (context, style, camera, persona) to the Composition it frames." . vso:depicts a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:range vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "depicts" ; rdfs:comment "An Entity shown in the Composition; a Composition must depict at least one." . vso:viewedBy a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:range vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "viewedBy" ; rdfs:comment "The CameraView the Composition is seen from." . vso:rendersAs a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:range vso:VisualStyle ; rdfs:label "rendersAs" ; rdfs:comment "The VisualStyle the Composition is rendered in." . # vso:hasFact attaches reification nodes (SpatialFact, Negation, BeliefState, # Quantification, Annotation) to a Composition. Distinct from vso:depicts, # which is reserved for vso:Entity (the depicted world). Range deliberately # unconstrained at the OWL level (multiple classes); SHACL can tighten later. vso:hasFact a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:label "hasFact" ; rdfs:comment "Attaches a reification node (SpatialFact, Negation, BeliefState, Quantification, Annotation) to a Composition. Use vso:depicts only for vso:Entity targets." . # vso:occurs — documented in docs/vson.md §5.2 and emitted by the gallery # (05/06/07/09) and the studio envelope corpus, but undeclared until now, which # made those documents fail conformance clause C2 (no orphan VSO terms). vso:occurs a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Composition ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "occurs" ; rdfs:comment "Events / Processes / Statives observed within this composition; producers MAY also use vso:depicts for perdurants, and both forms are conformant." . ################################################################# # 7. Quality attachment ################################################################# # Covering super-class of everything that may bear a vso:Quality. Entities bear # contingent per-scene qualities; a Composition bears *compositional* qualities # (Layout, Focal). Without this class, vso:hasQuality's domain would infer a # quality-bearing Composition into vso:Entity — which is owl:disjointWith # vso:Frame, making the canonical scene OWL 2 RL inconsistent. vso:QualityBearer a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "QualityBearer" ; rdfs:comment "Anything that may bear a vso:Quality: an Entity (contingent qualities) or a Composition (compositional qualities such as Layout/Focal)." . vso:Entity rdfs:subClassOf vso:QualityBearer . vso:Composition rdfs:subClassOf vso:QualityBearer . vso:hasQuality a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:QualityBearer ; rdfs:range vso:Quality ; rdfs:label "hasQuality" ; rdfs:comment "Attaches a contingent, per-scene Quality to an Entity or a Composition." . vso:dimension a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Quality ; rdfs:label "dimension" ; rdfs:comment "Which axis a Quality measures (Color, Affect, Role, ...); exactly one per Quality." . vso:value a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:Quality ; rdfs:label "value" ; rdfs:comment "The reading of a Quality on its dimension; deliberately untyped so a string, a number, or an IRI are all admissible (see the Profile status note at the top of this file)." . vso:modifier a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Quality ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "modifier" ; rdfs:comment "Optional adverbial modifier on a Quality (e.g., 'dark' on Color, 'very' on Weight). Snake_case bareword. Cardinality 0..1; SHACL-enforced via vss:QualityModifierShape (relaxed; absence is normal)." . # vso:class — declared here because it appears in docs and gallery examples # (e.g., :alice vso:class Human, :alice vso:class :Apple) but lacked a TBox # declaration in v1.0. Range deliberately unconstrained (rdf:Property) to admit # both string literals (e.g., "Knight") and IRIs (e.g., :Knight, the form # emitted by the Penman parser when a bare ID is given). vso:class a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:Entity ; rdfs:label "class" ; rdfs:comment "Domain-class designation from the open class registry (Knight, Crown, Sword, Woman, Apple, ...). Open vocabulary. Values typically IRIs in the document namespace when emitted from bareword input; xsd:string literals also conformant. Range intentionally unconstrained." . # Persona linkage — embodies and hasInvariant vso:embodies a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Entity ; rdfs:range vso:Persona ; rdfs:label "embodies" ; rdfs:comment "Entity embodies (instantiates) a Persona in this scene. The Persona's vso:hasInvariant Qualities are stable identity facts shared across embodiments." . vso:hasInvariant a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Persona ; rdfs:range vso:Quality ; rdfs:label "hasInvariant" ; rdfs:comment "Invariant Quality of the Persona — stable across embodiments (hair color, build, etc.). Contrast with vso:hasQuality which is contingent per scene." . # Quality dimensions — CLOSED registry under the VSO namespace. # # The registry is exactly the vso:Dimension individuals declared below. This # file is the single source of the list; docs/vson.md §5.5.1 restates it in # table form and nothing else is normative. Adding a member is a v1.x-compatible # change (§8); removing or renaming one is not. vso:Dimension a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Dimension" ; rdfs:comment "Registry of Quality dimensions. CLOSED under the VSO namespace: the admissible values of vso:dimension in this namespace are exactly the vso:Dimension individuals declared in this file, and any other w3id.org/vson IRI in that slot is an orphan VSO term — non-conformant under clause C2 (docs/vson.md §2). A producer needing a further dimension MUST mint it under its own document namespace, never under vso:." . vso:Color a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Color" ; rdfs:comment "Perceived colour of the bearer." . vso:Weight a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Weight" ; rdfs:comment "Heaviness of the bearer, as read off the scene rather than measured." . vso:Material a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Material" ; rdfs:comment "What the bearer is made of (stone, silk, iron)." . vso:Affect a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Affect" ; rdfs:comment "Mood or emotional state attributed to the bearer." . vso:Age a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Age" ; rdfs:comment "Age of the bearer, as a number of years or an age band." . vso:Role a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Role" ; rdfs:comment "Social or narrative role the bearer occupies in the scene (queen, knight)." . vso:Size a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Size" ; rdfs:comment "Relative size of the bearer." . vso:Enchantment a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Enchantment" ; rdfs:comment "Magical or supernatural property attributed to the bearer." . # Composition, action, and quantity axes. ActionState/Layout/Focal are emitted # into the VSO namespace by the Penman transpiler from examples/throne_room.vson # and examples/gallery/11_throne_room.vson, so they must be declared here or the # shipped corpus violates C2. Amount is the VSON-X `*amount` key. vso:ActionState a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "ActionState" ; rdfs:comment "Transient action phase of an Entity (drawn, raised, running)." . vso:Layout a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Layout" ; rdfs:comment "Compositional dimension: how the scene is arranged; borne by a Composition." . vso:Focal a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Focal" ; rdfs:comment "Compositional dimension: what the scene draws attention to; borne by a Composition." . vso:Amount a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Amount" ; rdfs:comment "How much of the bearer there is, for Substances and Aggregates read as quantity rather than count." . # Appearance axes. Hair/Skin/Pose carry the Persona invariants of # docs/vson.md §5.3.4 and examples/gallery/12_persona.vson; Eye carries the # second invariant of the §5.3.4 worked example. Hairstyle/Eyewear/Headwear/ # Outfit/Fit are the remaining members of the VSON-X closed dimension # vocabulary (docs/vson-x-semantics.md §3.2.1), which the VSON-X emitter turns # into VSO-namespace IRIs the same way — undeclared, they would be orphan terms # the moment a fashion or portrait scene used them. vso:Hair a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Hair" ; rdfs:comment "Hair of the bearer, as colour or length (auburn, black_short); a common Persona invariant." . vso:Hairstyle a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Hairstyle" ; rdfs:comment "Cut or styling of the bearer's hair (bob, braided, ponytail), as distinct from its colour or length." . vso:Skin a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Skin" ; rdfs:comment "Skin tone or complexion of the bearer; a common Persona invariant." . vso:Eye a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Eye" ; rdfs:comment "Eye colour of the bearer; a common Persona invariant." . vso:Eyewear a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Eyewear" ; rdfs:comment "Eyewear the bearer is wearing (sunglasses, round_frames)." . vso:Headwear a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Headwear" ; rdfs:comment "Headwear the bearer is wearing (beanie, wide_brim_hat)." . vso:Outfit a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Outfit" ; rdfs:comment "The garment or ensemble the bearer is wearing, read as a whole (trench_coat, three_piece_suit)." . vso:Fit a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Fit" ; rdfs:comment "How the bearer's garment sits on the body (oversized, tailored, cropped)." . vso:Pose a vso:Dimension ; rdfs:label "Pose" ; rdfs:comment "Bodily posture of the bearer." . # vso:dimension is owl:FunctionalProperty, so a Quality asserting two dimensions # collapses them to owl:sameAs via prp-fp. Declaring the dimension individuals # pairwise-distinct turns that collapse into a detectable eq-diff1 clash in the # owl-consistency gate — mirroring the individuation/animacy/countability axes. # This list MUST name every vso:Dimension individual declared above: a member # left out is a member that can silently sameAs-collapse. # tests/test_shapes_gate.py pins the two sets equal. [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:Color vso:Weight vso:Material vso:Affect vso:Age vso:Role vso:Size vso:Enchantment vso:ActionState vso:Layout vso:Focal vso:Amount vso:Hair vso:Hairstyle vso:Skin vso:Eye vso:Eyewear vso:Headwear vso:Outfit vso:Fit vso:Pose ) . ################################################################# # 8. Thematic-role properties (used on Event / Process / Stative) ################################################################# vso:agent a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "agent" ; rdfs:comment "Volitional doer of an Event or Process." . vso:patient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "patient" ; rdfs:comment "Entity affected or changed by an Event." . vso:theme a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "theme" ; rdfs:comment "Entity standing in the relation or state without being changed by it." . vso:instrument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:label "instrument" ; rdfs:comment "Means or tool the Event is carried out with." . vso:recipient a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "recipient" ; rdfs:comment "Goal-receiver in a transfer Event." . vso:source a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "source" ; rdfs:comment "Origin the transfer or motion starts from." . vso:goal a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "goal" ; rdfs:comment "Target or destination the Event or Process is directed at." . vso:beneficiary a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "beneficiary" ; rdfs:comment "Entity for whose benefit the Event is performed." . vso:experiencer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "experiencer" ; rdfs:comment "Sentient Endurant holding a cognitive or perceptual Stative." . vso:stimulus a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "stimulus" ; rdfs:comment "What the experiencer of a Stative is oriented toward." . vso:location a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "location" ; rdfs:comment "Where the perdurant takes place." . vso:time a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "time" ; rdfs:comment "When the perdurant takes place; untyped so an interval IRI or a literal time expression are both admissible." . vso:manner a rdf:Property ; rdfs:label "manner" ; rdfs:comment "Adverbial manner of the perdurant, a snake_case bareword (swift, careful, forceful)." . vso:cause a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "cause" ; rdfs:comment "Perdurant that brought this one about, recorded as a role on the caused perdurant." . vso:result a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:label "result" ; rdfs:comment "State or entity the Event brings into being." . vso:lemma a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "lemma" ; rdfs:comment "Bare snake_case verb naming the perdurant (e.g. 'strike', 'look_at'); frame-index suffixes such as PropBank's '-01' are not used." . vso:holder a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "holder" ; rdfs:comment "Possessor in a hold / wear / own Stative." . ################################################################# # 9. Stative possession (object-world, not graph) ################################################################# vso:holds a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:range vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:label "holds" ; rdfs:comment "The subject has the object in hand or grip at the depicted moment." . vso:wears a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:range vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:label "wears" ; rdfs:comment "The subject has the object on its body as clothing, armour, or ornament." . vso:owns a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:range vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "owns" ; rdfs:comment "The subject possesses the object independently of the depicted moment." . vso:carries a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:range vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:label "carries" ; rdfs:comment "The subject bears the object along with it, not necessarily in hand." . ################################################################# # 10. Mereology (with axioms) ################################################################# vso:partOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:label "partOf" ; rdfs:comment "The subject is a part of the object; transitive, inverse of vso:hasPart." . vso:hasPart a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; owl:inverseOf vso:partOf ; rdfs:label "hasPart" ; rdfs:comment "The object is a part of the subject; transitive, inverse of vso:partOf." . vso:properPartOf a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf vso:partOf ; rdfs:label "properPartOf" ; rdfs:comment "The subject is a part of the object and not identical to it; a sub-property of vso:partOf." . vso:overlaps a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:label "overlaps" ; rdfs:comment "The two entities share at least one part; symmetric." . vso:disjoint a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:label "disjoint" ; rdfs:comment "The two entities share no part; symmetric." . ################################################################# # 11. Spatial — RCC-8 + directional + proximal # (RCC-8 in companion file rcc8.ttl; directional/proximal here) ################################################################# # Directional (frame-relative). These are the closed set of VALUES of # vso:directional (e.g., :sf vso:directional vso:above), recorded only on # SpatialFact nodes carrying a vso:viewer (the SHACL shape enforces the viewer). # They are individuals — NOT edge predicates — mirroring the rcc:Relation design. # Value IRIs are snake_case — the canonical surface form used by the gallery, # the Penman transpiler, and docs/vson.md (e.g. :sf vso:directional vso:left_of). vso:Direction a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Direction" ; rdfs:comment "Closed set of frame-relative directional values (values of vso:directional)." . vso:above a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "above" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is higher than the ground in the viewer's frame." . vso:below a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "below" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is lower than the ground in the viewer's frame." . vso:left_of a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "left_of" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is to the viewer's left of the ground." . vso:right_of a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "right_of" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is to the viewer's right of the ground." . vso:in_front_of a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "in_front_of" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is nearer to the viewer than the ground is." . vso:behind a vso:Direction ; rdfs:label "behind" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is further from the viewer than the ground is." . [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:above vso:below vso:left_of vso:right_of vso:in_front_of vso:behind ) . # Proximal values — VALUES of vso:proximal (e.g., :sf vso:proximal vso:near), # NOT predicates between entities. Symmetry is enforced at emission time via the # VSON-X `&` form (two SpatialFacts with figure/ground swapped), not by an # owl:SymmetricProperty axiom. Like the directions, these are individuals of a # closed value class. vso:ProximityKind a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "ProximityKind" ; rdfs:comment "Closed set of proximity values (values of vso:proximal)." . vso:near a vso:ProximityKind ; rdfs:label "near" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is close to the ground relative to the scale of the scene." . vso:far a vso:ProximityKind ; rdfs:label "far" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is distant from the ground relative to the scale of the scene." . vso:adjacent a vso:ProximityKind ; rdfs:label "adjacent" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is immediately beside the ground, with nothing between them." . vso:next_to a vso:ProximityKind ; rdfs:label "next_to" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is beside the ground, without the no-gap reading vso:adjacent asserts." . vso:facing a vso:ProximityKind ; rdfs:label "facing" ; rdfs:comment "The figure is turned toward the ground." . [] a owl:AllDifferent ; owl:distinctMembers ( vso:near vso:far vso:adjacent vso:next_to vso:facing ) . # SpatialFact structural properties vso:figure a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:label "figure" ; rdfs:comment "The entity being located by the SpatialFact; exactly one per fact." . vso:ground a owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:label "ground" ; rdfs:comment "The entity the figure is located against; exactly one per fact." . vso:rcc a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:label "rcc" ; rdfs:comment "Topological reading of the fact, valued by one of the eight rcc:Relation individuals." . vso:directional a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:label "directional" ; rdfs:comment "Frame-relative reading of the fact, valued by a vso:Direction; requires a vso:viewer." . vso:proximal a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:label "proximal" ; rdfs:comment "Distance reading of the fact, valued by a vso:ProximityKind." . vso:viewer a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SpatialFact ; rdfs:range vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "viewer" ; rdfs:comment "The CameraView a directional reading is relative to; mandatory whenever vso:directional is present." . ################################################################# # 12. Causal (distinct from action) ################################################################# vso:causes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "causes" ; rdfs:comment "The subject perdurant brings the object perdurant about." . vso:enables a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "enables" ; rdfs:comment "The subject perdurant makes the object perdurant possible without bringing it about." . vso:prevents a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "prevents" ; rdfs:comment "The subject perdurant keeps the object perdurant from occurring." . vso:triggers a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:range vso:Perdurant ; rdfs:label "triggers" ; rdfs:comment "The subject perdurant sets the object perdurant off immediately." . ################################################################# # 13. Modal / propositional attitudes ################################################################# vso:believes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "believes" ; rdfs:comment "Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it takes to be true." . vso:intends a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "intends" ; rdfs:comment "Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it aims to bring about." . vso:perceives a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Endurant ; rdfs:label "perceives" ; rdfs:comment "Links an Endurant to the BeliefState holding what it senses." . vso:proposition a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:BeliefState ; rdfs:label "proposition" ; rdfs:comment "The proposition that is believed/intended/perceived. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple in canonical Turtle 1.2 form, OR a vso:Annotation reified node (RDF 1.1 portable) — both forms are conformant per spec §18." . vso:negatedStatement a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:Negation ; rdfs:label "negatedStatement" ; rdfs:comment "The negated proposition. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node (same dual-form policy as vso:proposition)." . # Quantification properties (spec §6, §13). The vso:Quantification class is a # reified universal/existential statement: a quantifier word, a variable name, # an optional domain restriction, and a scope (the predicated proposition). vso:quantifier a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Quantification ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "quantifier" ; rdfs:comment "Quantifier lexeme. Closed list: 'all', 'every', 'some', 'no', 'most', 'few'. Stored as snake_case xsd:string." . vso:variable a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Quantification ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "variable" ; rdfs:comment "Variable name bound by the quantifier (e.g. 'x', 'horse'). Plain xsd:string token; appears as the subject in scope/domain triples." . vso:qDomain a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:Quantification ; rdfs:label "qDomain" ; rdfs:comment "Optional domain restriction. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node (same dual-form policy)." . vso:scope a rdf:Property ; rdfs:domain vso:Quantification ; rdfs:label "scope" ; rdfs:comment "The proposition predicated of the bound variable. Range is an RDF-star quoted triple OR a vso:Annotation reified node." . ################################################################# # 14. Geometry ################################################################# vso:bbox2d a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "bbox2d" ; rdfs:comment "Bounding box in image coords as 'x,y,w,h' (pixels) or normalized 'nx,ny,nw,nh'." . vso:position3d a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "position3d" ; rdfs:comment "World position 'x,y,z'." . vso:scale3d a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "scale3d" ; rdfs:comment "World scale 'sx,sy,sz'." . vso:rotation a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "rotation" ; rdfs:comment "Quaternion 'qx,qy,qz,qw' or Euler 'rx,ry,rz'." . vso:occludes a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:range vso:PhysicalObject ; rdfs:label "occludes" ; rdfs:comment "The subject stands in front of the object and hides part of it from the viewer." . vso:visibleFraction a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "visibleFraction" ; rdfs:comment "Fraction of the entity still visible after occlusion, in [0,1]." . ################################################################# # 15. Camera schema (USD-aligned) ################################################################# vso:angle a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "angle" ; rdfs:comment "Vertical camera attitude: eye_level, low, high, dutch, top_down, worms_eye." . vso:focalLength a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "focalLength" ; rdfs:comment "Lens focal length as a 35mm-equivalent string ('24mm', '85mm') or a bare number of millimetres." . vso:framing a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "framing" ; rdfs:comment "Shot size: extreme_close_up, close_up, medium_shot, wide_shot, extreme_wide_shot." . vso:lookAt a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "lookAt" ; rdfs:comment "Reserved; not used by any shipped syntax or example." . vso:cameraPosition a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:CameraView ; rdfs:label "cameraPosition" ; rdfs:comment "Free-form positional cue for the camera ('front_left_dolly', 'overhead')." . ################################################################# # 16. Style schema ################################################################# vso:aesthetic a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:VisualStyle ; rdfs:label "aesthetic" ; rdfs:comment "Overall visual idiom of the rendering (photographic, oil_painting, anime, noir, ...)." . vso:palette a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:VisualStyle ; rdfs:label "palette" ; rdfs:comment "Dominant colour treatment (warm, cool, monochrome, pastel, neon, ...)." . vso:medium a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:VisualStyle ; rdfs:label "medium" ; rdfs:comment "Physical or digital carrier of the image (photograph, canvas, paper, digital, fresco, ...)." . ################################################################# # 17. Scene context schema ################################################################# vso:venue a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SceneContext ; rdfs:label "venue" ; rdfs:comment "Where the scene is set, as a snake_case noun (throne_room, marketplace, forest_path); open vocabulary." . vso:atmosphere a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SceneContext ; rdfs:label "atmosphere" ; rdfs:comment "Emotional register of the setting (tense, calm, somber, festive, ominous, ...)." . vso:timeOfDay a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SceneContext ; rdfs:label "timeOfDay" ; rdfs:comment "Time of day the scene is set at (dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, dusk, night)." . vso:weather a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:SceneContext ; rdfs:label "weather" ; rdfs:comment "Weather of the setting (clear, cloudy, rain, snow, fog, storm, indoor)." . ################################################################# # 18. Probability / provenance # # Two forms are supported for annotating an existing triple with confidence, # source, or probability: # # (a) RDF-star quoted-triple syntax (canonical, RDF 1.2): # << :strike vso:patient :boar >> vso:confidence "0.95"^^xsd:decimal . # # (b) Explicit reified annotation (RDF 1.1 portable): # :ann1 a vso:Annotation ; # vso:annotatedSubject :strike ; vso:annotatedPredicate vso:patient ; # vso:annotatedObject :boar ; vso:confidence "0.95"^^xsd:decimal . # # Both forms are conformant. Tooling SHOULD accept both and produce one # canonical form on output. ################################################################# vso:Annotation a owl:Class ; rdfs:label "Annotation" ; rdfs:comment "Reified annotation of a triple. Equivalent to an RDF-star quoted triple." . vso:annotatedSubject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Annotation ; rdfs:label "annotatedSubject" ; rdfs:comment "Subject of the triple this Annotation is about." . vso:annotatedPredicate a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Annotation ; rdfs:label "annotatedPredicate" ; rdfs:comment "Predicate of the triple this Annotation is about." . vso:annotatedObject a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain vso:Annotation ; rdfs:label "annotatedObject" ; rdfs:comment "Object of the triple this Annotation is about." . vso:probability a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "probability" ; rdfs:comment "Probability in [0,1] that the annotated triple holds." . vso:confidence a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "confidence" ; rdfs:comment "Producer's confidence in [0,1] in the annotated triple." .